Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Coixol and Sinigrin from Coix lacryma-jobi L. and Raphanus sativus L. Promote Fat Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

doi: 10.3390/ph18121843

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of coixol ( A , B ) and sinigrin ( C , D ) on the expression of thermogenic and beige fat-specific markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Target gene mRNA levels were normalized to Gapdh using the 2–ΔΔCt method ( n = 6). Gapdh was used as the housekeeping gene, while β-actin served as the loading control for protein expression ( n = 3). Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. control.

Article Snippet: Mouse monoclonal antibodies against UCP1 (sc-293418, 1:500), PGC-1α (sc-518025, 1:500), and β3-AR (sc-515763, 1:500) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Coixol and Sinigrin from Coix lacryma-jobi L. and Raphanus sativus L. Promote Fat Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

doi: 10.3390/ph18121843

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of coixol and sinigrin on mitochondrial biogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ( A ) mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers was evaluated using qRT-PCR. Gapdh was used as the housekeeping gene, and target gene expression was normalized using the 2−ΔΔCt method. Results are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) ( n = 6). ( B ) Effects of their active compounds on intracellular mitochondrial biogenesis, with UCP1 activation evaluated using immunofluorescence staining ( n = 3). UCP1 protein localization was visualized using FITC-conjugated antibody (UCP1-FITC, green), DAPI (nuclei, blue), and MitoTracker Red (mitochondria, red). Images were obtained at 60× magnification (scale bar = 10 μm). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. control.

Article Snippet: Mouse monoclonal antibodies against UCP1 (sc-293418, 1:500), PGC-1α (sc-518025, 1:500), and β3-AR (sc-515763, 1:500) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Targeted Gene Expression, Activation Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Control

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Coixol and Sinigrin from Coix lacryma-jobi L. and Raphanus sativus L. Promote Fat Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

doi: 10.3390/ph18121843

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of coixol ( A , B ) and sinigrin ( C , D ) on the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Target gene mRNA expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR and normalized to Gapdh using the 2–ΔΔCt method ( n = 6). Gapdh was used as the housekeeping gene, while β-actin served as the loading control ( n = 3). Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. control (increase); # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 vs. control (decrease).

Article Snippet: Mouse monoclonal antibodies against UCP1 (sc-293418, 1:500), PGC-1α (sc-518025, 1:500), and β3-AR (sc-515763, 1:500) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Coixol and Sinigrin from Coix lacryma-jobi L. and Raphanus sativus L. Promote Fat Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

doi: 10.3390/ph18121843

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of coixol ( A , B ) and sinigrin ( C , D ) on the expression of lipolytic and β-oxidation markers in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Target gene mRNA expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR and normalized to Gapdh using the 2–ΔΔCt method ( n = 6). Gapdh was used as the housekeeping gene and β-actin as the loading control ( n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. control.

Article Snippet: Mouse monoclonal antibodies against UCP1 (sc-293418, 1:500), PGC-1α (sc-518025, 1:500), and β3-AR (sc-515763, 1:500) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Coixol and Sinigrin from Coix lacryma-jobi L. and Raphanus sativus L. Promote Fat Browning in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

doi: 10.3390/ph18121843

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of ( A ) coixol and ( B ) sinigrin on the expression of fat browning-associated signaling pathway targets in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Target gene mRNA expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR and normalized to Gapdh using the 2 −ΔΔCt method ( n = 6). Gapdh was used as the housekeeping gene for mRNA analysis, and β-actin as the loading control for protein analysis ( n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. control.

Article Snippet: Mouse monoclonal antibodies against UCP1 (sc-293418, 1:500), PGC-1α (sc-518025, 1:500), and β3-AR (sc-515763, 1:500) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control